According to Wayne Patterson — the foremost scholar in English on Korean immigration — Koreans on the US mainland were exempted from evacuation and other restrictions by the Justice Department, which very carefully wrote Korean exceptions into their anti-Japanese regulations and orders.  (The Ilse, p. 196) In Hawai’i, however, the military governorship there considered them Japanese nationals and they were formally subject to the same restrictions as other enemy aliens; in reality, many of the restrictions were not enforced, but the Korean community lobbied hard with the government, the military and the press to get their anti-Japanese stance officially recognized. Due to some concern about possible infiltration and shady individuals within the community, military intelligence balked until late ’43, about half a year before military rule in Hawai’i territory came to an end. (pp. 181-206)